A GPS antenna filters, amplifies, and down-converts incoming GPS signals into electrical signals that can be read and processed by the electronic receiver within the RF section. A basic GPS antenna consists of an omidirectional antenna element, an antenna preamplifier, and a groundplane. Rugged and simple in construction, it has a good grain and pattern coverage, and a stable electronic phase center that is resistant to multipaths.
Types Of GPS Antennas
Kinds of GPS Antennas include the following:
Quadrifilar helix
A quadrifilar helix has a single frequency.
It is difficult to adjust for polarization and phasing.
It has a good gain pattern.
It does not require a groundplane.
Monopole or dipole
A monopole construction has a single frequency, while a dipole has dual-frequency.
Both types have simple constructions that require extensive groundplane.
They have very stable phase centers.
Microstrip
A microstrip antenna has a rugged and simple construction.
It can have a single or dual-frequency.
It is ideal for aircraft applications because of its low profile.
It has low gain that can be offset by an amplifier.
It is the most commonly used GPS antenna.
Spiral helix
A spiral helix has dual-frequency.
It has a high profile and a good gain pattern.
It is designed with an azimuthal asymmetry that requires good orientation.
Choosing GPS Antennas (Buying Tips)
Signal: Choose a GPS antenna that can pick up and discriminate very weak signals. The signals should approximately be the same as those in geostationary TV satellites.
Gain pattern: Choose a GPS antenna with a gain pattern that can enhance the ability of the RF section to filter low elevation signals and multipaths.
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