Manganese oxide ( Li-MnO2 (Li-Mn, "CR") )
- Manganese oxide batteries comprise about 80% of the lithium battery market.
- They are suitable for low-cost, low-drain, long-life applications.
- They have high densities per mass and volume and deliver high pulse currents.
Thionyl chloride (Li-SOCl2)
- Thionyl chloride batteries are liquid cathodes used in low temperature applications with toxic elements.
- They can operate at -55 degrees Celsius while retaining more than 50% of their rated capacities.
- The low-current cells are used for memory backup and portable electronics, while the high-current cells are used in military applications.
Sulfuryl chloride (Li-SO2Cl2)
- Sulfuryl chloride batteries are liquid cathodes similar to thionyl chloride.
- However, their discharge do not build up into elemental sulfur, making them safer to use.
- They give less maximum current than thionyl chloride because of the polarization of the carbon cathode.
Sulfur dioxide on teflon-bonded carbon (Li-SO2)
- Sulfur dioxide on teflon-bonded carbon batteries can operate at -55 degrees Celsius up to 70 degrees Celsius.
- They require safety vents because they can explode in some conditions.
- They are used in military applications.
Carbon monoflouride ( Li-(CF)x ("BR") )
- Carbon monoflouride batteries are cathode materials formed by the high temperature intercalation of fluorine gas into graphite powder.
- They are used in low to moderate applications such as clock backup batteries and memory.
- They have a good safety record.
- They are also used in aerospace, marine, and terrestrial applications.
Iodine (Li-I2)
- Iodine batteries are solid electrolytes that do not generate gas even under short circuit conditions.
- They are highly reliable.
- They have a solid-state chemistry and limited chort-circuit currents.
- They are used in medical applications.
Silver chromate (Li-Ag2CrO4)
- Silver chromate batteries are developed specifically for medical applications such as for implanted pacemakers.
Silver oxide+vanadium pentoxide (Li-Ag2V4O11, Li-SVO, Li-CSVO)
- Silver oxide+vanadium pentoxide batteries are designed for medical applications such as in neurostimulators, implantable defibrillators, and drug infusion systems.
- They are also used in other electronic applications such as in emergency locator transmitters.
Iron Sulfide (Li-FeS)
- Also referred to as Lithium-iron batteries, iron sulfide batteries are used as replacements for alkaline batteries.
- They are used for domestic applications.
- One of their variants is iron disulfide batteries.
Lead bismushate (Li-Bi2Pb2O5)
- Lead bismushate batteries are used as replacements for silver oxide batteries.
- They have higher energy densities.
- They perform better at higher temperatures.
- They have a lower tendency to leak.
Rechargeable lithium batteries
- Rechargeable lithium batteries include cobalt dioxide, copper chloride, manganese dioxide, Vanadium pntoxide, carbon, and ploymer batteries.
|
