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Guide to Vinyl Records

Vinyl Record : What is it?

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Vinyl records, also called gramophone records, are flat discs that store music in analog format. They have spiral grooves extending from the center to the edge of the disc, which are read and interpreted by the needle in a record player. Early records were made of hard rubber or shellac, but commercially available records – those made after the 1950s – are mostly made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). 

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Types Of Vinyl Records

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Kinds of Vinyl Records include the following:

Long-playing records (LPs)

  • LPs are made from flexible black vinyl, which can withstand extended use.
  • They have playing speeds of 33 to 33 ½ revolutions per minute (rpm).
  • They can play about 30 minutes of music on each side.
  • They usually come in colored card jackets.

16-rpm records

  • 16-rpm records are relatively slow and have inferior sound quality.
  • They measure between seven to 10 inches, making them incompatible with most players.
  • They are more often used for film and educational media than music recordings.
  • They are commonly used today in classroom film projectors.

45-rpm records

  • 45-rpm records are seven inches in diameter and can play about four to six minutes per side.
  • Newer types have larger center holes to fit over automatic record players.
  • They are also available in extended play (EP) varieties, which can play seven minutes per side.

78-rpm records

  • 78-rpm records are made of shellac, which makes them brittle and easy to crack.
  • They come in different sizes, but the most common discs are 10 to 12 inches in diameter.
  • They can play from three to five minutes per side.

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Choosing Vinyl Records (Buying Tips)

Compatibility: Choose a vinyl record that will fit onto your record player. 45-rpm records are the most common and have the best compatibility. Look for those with larger center holes so that you can use them with newer record players.

Grooves: When buying old vinyl records, make sure the grooves are even and free of dents. Look for those with microgrooves because these do not scratch as easily as regular grooves.

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Sources

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What Is It?
Types Of Vinyl Records
Choosing Vinyl Records (Buying Tips)
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